Cerumen impaction (earwax buildup)
Cerumen impaction, commonly known as earwax buildup, occurs when earwax becomes hardened and is unable to clear naturally.
Overview
Cerumen impaction, commonly known as earwax buildup, occurs when earwax becomes hardened and is unable to clear naturally. This common condition can affect patients of all ages and may cause discomfort, hearing loss, or a sensation of fullness in the ear.
Causes
Earwax can build up for several reasons, including:
- Overproduction of cerumen
- Use of cotton swabs or objects that push wax deeper
- Narrow or uniquely shaped ear canals
- Frequent use of hearing aids or earplugs
Diagnosis
A health care provider will examine your ears using an otoscope to check for blockage. In some cases, a hearing test may be performed to assess the temporary impact.
Prevention Tips
- Avoid inserting cotton swabs or foreign objects into your ears
- Use mineral/baby oil ear drops occasionally if you're prone to wax buildup
- Have your ears examined regularly if you use hearing aids or earplugs
When to Seek Medical Care
Schedule an evaluation if:
- You experience ear pain, drainage or bleeding
- You have sudden or worsening hearing loss
- Symptoms persist despite treatment
Common symptoms
You may need treatment if you experience:
- Decreased or muffled hearing
- Earache or a sense of fullness
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Itching or drainage from the ear
Specialty care
Treatment options
1. Manual removal
Performed in-office by an ENT specialist using instruments such as a curette or suction device. This safe procedure provides immediate relief when done under direct visualization.
2. Ear irrigation
A gentle, controlled stream of warm water is used to flush out earwax. Softening drops are often applied in advance to ease removal.
3. Cerumenolytic agents (wax-softening drops)
These over-the-counter or prescription drops help dissolve earwax gradually and may be recommended for mild buildup or routine care.
