From diagnosis to daily life: a smarter way to live with cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a long-term liver disease where healthy liver cells are slowly replaced by scar tissue. As scarring builds up, the liver struggles to do its job, like filtering toxins from the blood, helping with digestion, regulating hormones and making proteins that help blood clot.

Cirrhosis develops over time as the liver takes repeated damage. Because this damage builds up slowly, many people don’t realize they have cirrhosis until it’s already advanced.

More than 4.5 million adults in the United States are living with cirrhosis, according to the CDC. While it’s a serious condition, it can be managed. With the right medical care, lifestyle changes and support, many people continue to live full and active lives.

What causes cirrhosis?

Think of cirrhosis as the liver’s way of reacting to long-term harm. The most common causes include:

• Chronic alcohol use
• Hepatitis B or C infections
• Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, often linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes
• Autoimmune liver conditions
• Certain genetic disorders or long-term exposure to environmental toxins

In many cases, more than one of these factors may be involved. That’s why a proper diagnosis is so important—not just to measure the damage, but to understand the root cause and create a plan to keep it from getting worse.

What to expect when living with cirrhosis

Cirrhosis looks different for everyone. Some people may not have symptoms early on. Others may notice fatigue, loss of appetite, swelling in the legs or belly, yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) or easy bruising.

Cirrhosis leaves permanent scarring. But here’s the good news: Its progression can be slowed, and many complications can be prevented with the right care. 

The keys are regular monitoring, early intervention when complications arise and consistent healthy habits tailored to liver function.

Eating for liver health: what to choose and what to avoid

While diet can’t cure cirrhosis, it plays a big role in reducing stress on the liver and improving overall health.

Here are some liver-friendly foods:

• Fresh fruits and vegetables, full of fiber and antioxidants
• Lean proteins; think fish, skinless chicken, beans and tofu
• Whole grains like oats, brown rice and quinoa
• Healthy fats: avocados, olive oil and a handful of nuts
• Water. Staying hydrated helps every system in your body. 

Foods and drinks to limit or avoid:

• Alcohol. Even small amounts can cause further liver damage.
• Salty foods. Excessive sodium intake can lead to swelling and fluid retention.
• Processed or fried foods. These are tough for the liver to break down.
• Red meat and full-fat dairy are harder to digest with liver problems.
• Sugary snacks and drinks can lead to fat buildup in the liver.

Small habits that make a big difference

Managing cirrhosis is about staying consistent with small daily habits. Here are some smart practices to keep in mind:

• Go to your checkups. Regular visits help your doctor spot problems early.
• Stay active. Light exercise like walking or yoga boosts energy and circulation.
• Take your meds exactly as prescribed. Some medications can be harmful if taken incorrectly.
• Get vaccinated. Viruses like hepatitis A or B can be more dangerous with cirrhosis.

Know the warning signs. Sudden confusion, heavy swelling or unusual bleeding needs quick attention.

Take action for your liver health

Cirrhosis is a serious diagnosis, but it’s not the end of the road. With the right medical team, healthy routines and personal support system, you can still live a meaningful and healthy life.

At SIU Medicine, our specialists offer expert, compassionate care for people living with liver diseases. Whether you’ve just been diagnosed or are looking for ongoing support, we’re here to help.

To learn more or schedule an appointment, visit SIU Medicine’s Liver Health page or contact a gastroenterologist in SIU’s Department of Internal Medicine.